NumPy is a Python library that stands for "Numerical Python". It is an open-source library that provides support for multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a wide range of mathematical and statistical functions to operate on them.

NumPy provides an array object that is more efficient and flexible than Python's built-in lists. NumPy arrays are homogeneous, meaning that they contain elements of the same data type. They can be created in various ways, such as using Python lists or by reading data from a file.

NumPy provides a range of mathematical functions such as linear algebra, Fourier transforms, and random number generation. It also has functions for operations such as indexing, slicing, sorting, and reshaping arrays.